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Concrete poetry or shape poetry is poetry in which the typographical arrangement of words is as important in conveying the intended effect as the conventional elements of the poem, such as meaning of words, rhythm, rhyme and so on. The French poet Pierre Guarnieri, collaborating with the Japanese poet Seiichi Niikuni, also used the term spatiality in relation to concrete poetry, implying that the white space between words also holds meaning. Poets emphasized that language is not only a means of communication, but that language also has a material dimension. (Wiki)
— Seiichi Niikuni, Japanese poet and painter. He was one of the foremost pioneers of the international avant-garde concrete poetry movement (1925-1977), “Ame” (Rain), Post-War Japanese Poetry, Penguin Books, 1972.
